[nation_english] name=_("English") plural=_("?plural:English") groups=_("Medieval"), _("European"), _("Atlantic") conflicts_with="german" legend=_("England was finally unified by Alfred the Great of Wessex\ in the late\ 9th century AD, only to be conquered by William of Normandy a century\ later, in the last successful invasion of the country.") leaders = { "name", "sex" ; Bretwaldas, with at most one per Kingdom "Aelle of Sussex", "Male" "Ceawlin Cerdicing", "Male" ; Wessex "Aethelberht Oiscing", "Male" ; Kent "Raedwald Wuffing", "Male" ; East Anglia "Edwin of Northumbria", "Male" ; "Oswald of Northumbria", "Male" ; "Oswiu of Northumbria", "Male" ; "Wulfhere Iceling", "Male" ; Mercia ; "Aethelbald Iceling", "Male" ; Mercia "Offa Iceling", "Male" ; Mercia ; "Egbert Cerdicing", "Male" ; Wessex ; Later kings "Alfred the Great", "Male" ; Cerdicing, Wessex "Richard Lionheart", "Male" "Henry II", "Male" "Edward Longshanks", "Male" ; Queens "Seaxburh of Wessex", "Female" ; widow of Cenwalh, the only Queen in a regnal list "Athelflaed of Mercia", "Female" ; A Queen in all but name } flag="england" flag_alt = "united_kingdom" style = "European" ruler_titles = { "government", "male_title", "female_title" "Anarchy", _("Leod %s"), _("Cwen %s") "Despotism", _("Hlaford %s"), _("Hlaefdige %s") "Republic", _("Ealdorman %s"), _("Ealdorman %s") "Principate", _("Ealdorman %s"), _("Ealdorman %s") "Petty Monarchy", _("Cyning %s"), _("Theodcwen %s") "Imperial Monarchy", _("Bretwalda %s"), _("Bretwalda %s") } init_techs="" init_buildings="" init_units="" ;civilwar_nations = "" cities = ; Heptarchy capitals "Canterbury (ocean,forest)", ; Kent "York (plains)", ; Deira "Winchester (forest)", ; Wessex "London (plains,ocean,river)", ; East Saxons "Tamworth (!ocean)", ; Mercia "Chichester (ocean)", ; South Saxons "Dunwich (ocean,grassland,!hills,!mountains)", ; East Anglia, actually a bishopric ; Other early sites "Bamburgh (hills,mountains,ocean)", ; Bernicia ; Big towns ranked by mints ; (after An Atlas of Anglo-Saxon England, Hill 1981) "Lincoln (!hills,!mountains)", "Chester (ocean)", "Thetford (grassland,!hills,!river,!mountains)", "Exeter", "Stamford (swamp,!hills,!mountains)", "Norwich (grassland,!hills,!mountains)", "Southwark (river,plains)", "Oxford (plains,river,!ocean)", "Lewes (forest,ocean)", "Shrewsbury (hills,!ocean)", "Cambridge (swamp,!hills,!mountains)", "Dover (ocean,forest)", "Huntingdon (!ocean,!hills,!mountains)", "Ipswich (grassland,ocean,!hills,!mountains)", "Wallingford (hills,river,!ocean)", "Colchester (forest,ocean,!hills,!mountains)", "Worcester (river,!ocean)", "Bedford (!ocean,!hills,!mountains)", "Gloucester (forest,river)", "Hereford (hills,mountains,!ocean)", "Ilchester (swamp)", "Wilton", "Leicester (!ocean)", ; Other towns in The Burghal Hideage, most hides first "Warwick (!ocean)", "Wareham (ocean)", "Buckingham (!ocean)", "Cricklade", "Malmesbury", "Bath", "Sashes (river)", "Bridport", "Burpham", "Chisbury", "Shaftesbury (forest)", "Langport (swamp)", "Eashing", "Portchester (ocean)", "Watchet (ocean)", "Hastings (forest,ocean)", "Christchurch (ocean)", "Axbridge (swamp,ocean,hills)", "Pilton (ocean,hills)", "Eorpeburnan", "Halwell", "Southampton (forest,ocean)", ; Other 'Major Towns' according to Hill, roughly S to N and E to W. "Rochester (forest,ocean,!mountains)", "Maldon (ocean,forest,!mountains)", "Hertford (!mountains)", "Guildford (plains)", "Northampton (!ocean)", "Nottingham (forest)", "Derby (hills,forest,!ocean)", "Winchcombe (forest)", "Stafford (!ocean)", "Dorchester", "Bristol (ocean)", "Taunton", "Totnes (hills,ocean)", "Barnstaple (hills,ocean)", "Lydford (hills)", ; Modern English towns. "Westminister (plains,river)", "Birmingham (!ocean)", "Liverpool (ocean)", "Manchester", "Leeds", "Newcastle", "Bradford", "Middlesborough", "Sheffield", "Coventry", "Brighton (ocean)", "Portsmouth (ocean)", "Hull (river,ocean)", "Plymouth (ocean,hills)", "Bournemouth (ocean)", "Sunderland", "Stoke-on-Trent (river)", "Bolton", "Reading (forest,river)", "Blackpool (river)", "Stratford-upon-Avon", "Durham", "Eastleigh", "Folkestone (river)", "Kettering", "King's Lynn (ocean,swamp)", "Kidderminster", "Leek", "Lutterworth", "Macclesfield", "Market Bosworth", "Market Harborough", "Melton Mowbray", "Nuneaton", "Oakham", "Peterborough", "Pickering (hills,plains)", "Preston", "Poole (ocean)", "Ramsgate (ocean)", "Southend (forest,ocean)", "Stevenage", "Ashford", "Swindon (plains,!ocean)", "Torquay (ocean)", "Wolverhampton", "Weymouth (ocean)", "Yeovil", "Halifax", "Oldham", "Rochdale", "Blackburn", "Burnley", "Lancaster", "Salisbury (plains,!ocean)", "Cowes"